Molecular Biology has become a powerful toolkit to explore how life works. It is concerned with the mechanisms by which molecular machinery inside a cell perform the fundamental processes required for life. This module will focus on how the information is stored and maintained in the genetic material of an organism for looking at how it is expressed and regulated. In practical session, various hands-on experiments on various molecular techniques will be conducted.
Plant physiology is a subdiscipline of botany concerned with the functioning, or physiology, of plants. The field of plant physiology includes the study of all the internal activities of plants—those chemical and physical processes associated with life as they occur in plants. This includes study at many levels of scale of size and time. At the smallest scale are molecular interactions of photosynthesis and internal diffusion of water, minerals, and nutrients. At the largest scale are the processes of plant development, seasonality, dormancy, and reproductive control. Major subdisciplines of plant physiology include phytochemistry (the study of the biochemistry of plants) and phytopathology (the study of disease in plants). The scope of plant physiology as a discipline may be divided into several major areas of research.
Module Description for General Microbiology
The aim is to equip students for the very different learning and teaching style on the various concepts and historical development of the science of microbiology in general and its relation to other areas like medicine, agriculture, industry, and environmental biology. It is also to introduce to them the importance of microorganisms which the microbiologists have so far dealt with on their necessary functions of producing bread, cheese, beer, antibiotics, vaccines, vitamins, enzymes, and many other useful products.
The History and Scope of Microbiology: Brief survey of microorganisms ; conflict between for and against spontaneous generation ideas of various historically recognized earlier microbiologists; recognition and discovery of the role of microbes in diseases and their effect on organic or inorganic matter; the development of microbiology with its composition in this century of the new world; and the scope and various concepts of microbiology in the classical Golden age period compared to its second and new Golden age current periods.
The Brief Survey of Microorganisms for their Structural Description: which includes, the different types of Microscopes and specimen preparation for the description and importance of various groups of microorganisms by the use of the microscopic examinations based on their resolution power and magnification mechanisms like the light rays (photons) in the light microscope types or magnetic or electrons powers in the electron microscope scanning systems; the distinctions between the two groups of microorganisms, the Prokaryotes and eukaryotes that have some structures that are universal in their origins and features.