Trimester 1

MODULE DESCRIPTION: DEVELOPMENTAL AND GROSS ANATOMY-I

1. Module Code:  VET 2121                                      School: Veterinary Medicine

2. Module title: DEVELOPMENTAL AND GROSS ANATOMY-I                                         

3. Level II:  Trimesters I                                 Credits: 20

4. First year of presentation:  Administering School: School of Veterinary Medicine

5. Pre-requisite knowledge: General biology, General biology

6. Allocation of study and teaching hours

6.1 Brief description of aims and content:

This module is designed for the Description of Early development of the embryo in domestic animals from egg fertilization, blastulation, implantation and gastrulation. The module will also describe for different animals’gross anatomy of the body regions, skin and derivatives, comparative osteology in domestic animals and different cavities anatomy of the animal’s body.

6.2 Learning outcomes

A. Knowledge and Understanding

On successful completion of this module, students should be able to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of:

1. Description of the development of the early development of the embryo in domestic animals from egg fertilization, blastulation, implantation and gastrulation.
2. Description of the animal body regions, skin anatomy and its derivatives.
3. Description of the gross anatomy of skeleton anatomy in different animals
4. Comparative description of the skeleton anatomy and particularities between species

4. Description of the  animal body cavities

B.  Cognitive/Intellectual skills/Application of Knowledge

Having successfully completed the module, students should be able to:

1. To identify structures, parts and stages of an animal’s embryo
2. Apply gained knowledge to correctly differenciate animal spiecies based on the morphology
3. To dissect sacrified animals and differentiate regions, cavities and bone structures

C. Communication/ ICT and numeracy skills /Analytic techniques/ Practical skills

C1) Understand and use effectively the available online programs used to describe and compare animal embryos, body regions, skeletons and cavities structures.

D. General transferable skills

Having successfully completed the module, students should be able to:

E1) Identify normal gross morphology of the animal body, bones and cavities structures in the animals.

E2) Link normal morphology of the animals’ body parts with the expected farm production.

E3) Explain and communicate possible early embryological anomalies to farmers

7. Indicative content

Description of Early development of the embryo in domestic animals:

 From egg fertilization, blastulation, implantation and gastrulation.

 Describe for different animals’gross anatomy of the body regions, skin and derivatives:

Terminology /anatomical       language, Body regions and planes, skin morphology, horns and hooves anatomy

Comparative description of bones:

Functions of the skeleton and bone, types of bones and their development, endochondral and membranous ossification, Structure of bones of the limbs, the vertebral column, ribs, sternum, bony thorax and the skull,  Species differences in the bone morphology

Description of the animal body cavities:

Thorax and walls, boundaries of the thoracic cavity and its organs, Relations and functional structure of the thoracic  organs structure of pericardium and heart and the large blood vessels, heart blood supply, abdominal cavity and development of its organs,  abdominal wall structure (muscles etc), pelvic cavity, its contents and their relations in various species.

8. Learning and teaching strategy

Knowledge and understanding consist in lectures according to the scheduled program. The anatomical dissection practicals are organized to reinforce theoretical lectures in order to increase knowledge and understanding. Assignments and self reading exercises are given in order to encourage the students to read the study documents and to illustrate the application of the concept to explicit practical problems. Tutorial problems are solved in group work (each group consists of not more than 10 students), presented and discussed in class aiming at encouraging student to participate in the teaching and learning process.

9. Assessment strategy

Evaluation will be in form of assignments, practical works, and continuous assessment tests (CATs), field trip report and a final exam. Assignments, practical works and Field trip reports will take 30%, CATs 20% and the final exam 50%. CATs and final exam will be administered in 1 hour and 3 hours periods respectively.

10. Assessment pattern:     

11. Strategy for feedback and student support during module

The examples, exercises and discussed problems in classes will provide opportunities for students to gauge their progress and for staff to monitor progress throughout the duration of the module. The feedback on formative assessments will help students to be aware of their strengths, errors, mistakes and misunderstanding and also to achieve the objectives. Marking schemes for CATs will be made available to students in order to facilitate revision. Students will be able to obtain further help in their studies by approaching their lecturers at mutually convenient times. The administration, library and ICT departments will be required to provide the relevant resources in order to equip the concerned lecturer and students.

12. Indicative resources

Background Texts

1. Chiba, L. I. (2014). DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY. In Animal Nutrition Handbook (pp. 30-56).
2. Clarkson, T. F. (2010). Veterinary gross anatomy, General anatomy and carnivore anatomy, lecture notes. unpublished.
3. E. Taberner *, A. M. (2008). Oestrus cycle characteristics and prediction of ovulation in. Theriogenology, 70, 1489–1497.
4. Floron C. Faries, J. (nd). Preparatory Training for the Veterinary Assistant. Retrieved 10 06, 2018, from Veterinary Science: http://aevm.tamu.edu/files/2010/06/Anatomy_and_Physiology.pdf
5. Physiology and Anatomy of. (n.d.). Retrieved 10 06, 2018, from Female Reproductive System: https://cals.arizona.edu/classes/ans215/lectures/FemaleReproductiveSystem XVI.pdf
6. Reece, W. O. (2009). Functional Anatomy and Physiology of Domestic Animals (4 ed.). Iowa State.
7. Rowen D. Frandson, W. L. (1997). ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF farm animals (7 ed.). Colorado.
8. https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Veterinary_Medicine/Book%3A_Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Animals_(Lawson)/04%3A_Body_Organization/4.09%3A_Directional_Terms, Visited on 24/07/2020
9. https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Animal_Development, Visited on 24/07/2020
10. http://www.onlineveterinaryanatomy.net/body-region, Visited on 24/07/2020

Teaching/Technical Assistance:

1 Senior Lecturer/ Professor, 1 Lecturer/Assistant Lecturer, 1 Tutorial Assistant, 1 Dissection laboratory technician

Laboratory space and equipment

University farm, Overhead projector, Dissection Laboratory equipment and manuals, dissecting kit and materials        

Computer requirements

 Individual laptops

 Teaching Team

Jean Claude BYISHIMO (BVM, MSc.) (Team leader)

Jean Damascene BARIYANGA (BVM, MSc.)

Welcome to VET2124:Veterinary Histology! Also known as microscopic anatomy, histology is the study of cells and tissues. The main objective of this module is for the veterinary students to learn how the four basic kinds of tissues (epithelial tissues, connective tissue and mesenchymal cells, muscle and nervous tissues) are assembled into the different organs and organ systems of the body. Students will be asked to learn a large number of new vocabulary words and to develop the “microscopic eye” for details that help them tell cells and structures apart. Additionally, this module will serve as a “teaser” to General Pathology which follows this module and emphasizes the pathophysiology of disease through the microscopic study of diseased tissue.

This module aims at equipping students with knowledge and critical understanding of how fundamental functions of the different cells, tissues, organs and organ systems of the body are integrated into a living whole. This course focuses on the fundamental physiologic regulatory mechanisms that integrate and control the actions of cells, tissues, organs and organ systems of the body.

Introduction

Genetics and Applied Animal breeding introduces students to how animals inherit characteristics generation to generation and also help students understand how animals can be improved using different methods/systems and technologies. 

This involves teaching genes transmission in animals, population genetics, genetic parameters (breeding values, progeny difference, genotypic values, gene combination values, producing ability, heritability, repeatability e.t.c)

It also involves teaching animal breeding methods (pure breeds, cross breeding (out breeding), inbreeding etc), Hybrid vigor, selection methods/systems  (Tandem selection, Independent culling, selection index, selection difference, selection potential etc) and  improved breeding technologies (DNA markers, AI, ET, cloning etc)

Learning outcomes

At the end of this course the student should be able to;

• Explain how animal characteristics are transferred generation to  generation
• Describe how genes are important in selection and breeding of the best animal to be selected for the next generation parent
• know the different reproductive technologies used in animal improvement