UNIVERSITY OF RWANDA - Elearning Platform: All courses

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MACROECONOMICS

The Macroeconomics II topic I. will consinst on the introduction of the course .Having successfully completed the module; The student should gain sufficient understanding of macroeconomic theory to understand empirical research and so give you a valuable insight into topical issues. Particular reference is made to the relative importance of long run term growth and macroeconomic policies in the open economy.

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Microeconomics

it is good

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Statistics for Economists

This module is intended to impart the core of statistical inference - estimation and hypothesis testing.

designing to give knowledge to students on the topics focusing on experimental design and Statistical Quality Control.

The Assignments will be conducted by the Students,

The CAT will be done during the period of teaching

The Finl exam will be given at the end.

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Microeconomics

The course is expected to teach the students some understanding of microeconomcs

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Intermediate macroeconomics

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INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS

INDICATIVE CONTENTS

UNIT-1

What and why, Statistics defined, Descriptive statistics, Inferential statistics, Role of probability, Scope of statistics, Statistical applications, Statistical concepts - Population, Sample, Parameter, Statistic, Data and variables, Quantitative & Qualitative data, Levels of measurement- Nominal, Ordinal, Interval and ratio scale, Discrete and continuous data, Data sources

Unit-2

Frequency distributions - Univariate frequency distribution -Presenting frequencies: Formation of a discrete frequency distribution, Frequency distribution tables, Formation of a continuous frequency distribution- Class limits, Class intervals, Class frequency, Class mid-point, Cumulative and relative frequency distribution; Bi-variate frequency distribution, Presenting frequencies- Cross tabulations

Unit-3

Diagrammatic and graphical presentation of data- Graphical forms, Discrete – e.g. Bar charts and Ogive, Continuous- e.g. Histogram and Ogive (Less common graphs), Scatter diagrams

Unit - 4

Measuring location: Arithmetic mean, median, mode (Specific Topics: Quadratic mean, Geometric mean, Harmonic mean)

Unit -5

Measures of Dispersion (Variability) or Spreads: Range and inter-quartile range, Variance and Standard deviation, Coefficient of variation, Percentile; Skewness and Kurtosis, Cheby cheff’s rule, Empirical rule

Unit -6

MEASURES OF LINEAR RELATIONSHIP: Covariance, Coefficient of correlation, Least squares method, Regression line, linear transformations and combinations: Linear transformations of variables- Mean and Variance, Standardization.

Unit -7

INDEX NUMBERS: Meaning and Use of index numbers, simple, complex, value and quantity indexes, splicing, Consumer price index, GDP deflator.

UNIT -8: STATISTICAL COMPUTATIONS Using – Excel

UNIT- 9: INTRODUCTION TO PROBABILITY (Not Examinable)

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STATISTICS FOR ECONOMISTS

What is Statistics for Economists? • The main idea of statistical inference is to take a random sample from a population and then to use the information from the sample to make inferences about particular population characteristics such as the mean (measure of central tendency), the standard deviation (measure of spread) or the proportion of units in the population that have a certain characteristic. • Thus, an important consideration for those planning and interpreting sampling results, is the degree to which sample estimates, such as the sample mean, will agree with the corresponding population characteristic. • A sampling distribution is used to describe the distribution of outcomes that one would observe from replication of a particular sampling plan. • Estimates computed from one sample will be different from estimates that would be computed from another sample. • Estimates are expected to differ from the population characteristics (parameters) that we are trying to estimate, but that the properties of sampling distributions allow us to quantify, probabilistically, how they will differ. • Different statistics have different sampling distributions with distribution shape depending on (a) the specific statistic, (b) the sample size, and (c) the parent distribution. • The variability in a sampling distribution can be reduced by increasing the sample size. • In large samples, many sampling distributions can be approximated with a normal distribution.

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INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS

Objectives: To enable the students to have a Basic understanding of the various statistical techniques and their application in Business and Decision making. In this course Learners will focus on the following Units:

UNIT-1

What and why, Statistics defined, Descriptive statistics, Inferential statistics, Role of probability, Scope of statistics, Statistical applications, Statistical concepts - Population, Sample, Parameter, Statistic, Data and variables, Quantitative & Qualitative data, Levels of measurement- Nominal, Ordinal, Interval and ratio scale, Discrete and continuous data, Data sources

Unit-2

Frequency distributions - Univariate frequency distribution -Presenting frequencies: Formation of a discrete frequency distribution, Frequency distribution tables, Formation of a continuous frequency distribution- Class limits, Class intervals, Class frequency, Class mid-point, Cumulative and relative frequency distribution; Bi-variate frequency distribution, Presenting frequencies- Cross tabulations

Unit-3

Diagrammatic and graphical presentation of data- Graphical forms, Discrete – e.g. Bar charts and Ogive, Continuous- e.g. Histogram and Ogive (Less common graphs), Scatter diagrams

Unit - 4

Measuring location: Arithmetic mean, median, mode (Specific Topics: Quadratic mean, Geometric mean, Harmonic mean)

Unit -5

Measures of Dispersion (Variability) or Spreads: Range and inter-quartile range, Variance and Standard deviation, Coefficient of variation, Percentile; Skewness and Kurtosis, Cheby cheff’s rule, Empirical rule

Unit -6

MEASURES OF LINEAR RELATIONSHIP: Covariance, Coefficient of correlation, Least squares method, Regression line, linear transformations and combinations: Linear transformations of variables- Mean and Variance, Standardization.

Unit -7

INDEX NUMBERS: Meaning and Use of index numbers, simple, complex, value and quantity indexes, splicing, Consumer price index, GDP deflator.

UNIT -8: STATISTICAL COMPUTATIONS Using – Excel

UNIT- 9: INTRODUCTION TO PROBABILITY (Not Examinable)

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PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS

This course aims at exposing to the students general knowledge of economics which is how the scarce resources can be used to satisfy the unlimited wants of man. It is all about the production, distribution and exchange of goods and services to satisfy the unlimited wants of man

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GMT 3104: Business Research Methodology

The module signifies the systematic way of conducting research for the business decision making. The module describes the distinction between the real business problem and symptom for the problem, and process to be adopted for finding out the options for the business problem working with managers. The contents of the module is framed in such way that the student will be able apply the learning on a practical business problem and find out the options, and the same will be presented in the form of written and / or oral format.