Molecular Biology and Plant Physiology deals with the principles of abiotic and biotic stress resistance, advanced plant physiology, molecular biology and bioinformatics. The module aims at providing learners with knowledge about different sources of resistance and design screening procedures for discriminating among genotypes for resistance. The module also covers physiological processes that occur in plants, the fundamentals of pre-breeding, gene bank management and seed science. It is designed to provide learners deep insight on different techniques and procedures that have impacted significantly plant breeding such as molecular markers. The module will provide learners with knowledge about how to identify, collect, and evaluate genetic resources, as well as how to preserve genetic materials for future use in a sustainable and manageable way. The module also introduces basic principles of bioinformatics. The course focuses on lectures, in-class discussions, laboratory/field practical, and solving practical problems relating to biochemical and physiological process in plants. The course also provide knowledge on how to plan and manage seed production program.