- This module is designed to convey the basics of probability theory, descriptive statistics, graphical data presentation, distributions, types of data, dependent and independent variables, hypothesis testing and types of error, notion of power, and introduction to statistical analyses.
- The course is very hands on, with exercises to allow students practice with each concept.
- Students will then learn about the most commonly applied statistical tests using real data sets in class and SPSS statistical programme.
- Students will use SPSS or MS Excel to calculate descriptive statistics and graphically portray data.
The Environmental Biotechnology course aims to introduce and elaborate the fundamental concepts and applications of biotechnology in all aspects of environment including its protection, restoration and sustainability. Considering the rising challenges of climate change, energy and environmental crisis, this course will emphasize upon the recent development of biotechnology for harnessing microbial potential in environmental applications. The course is structured to provide the students with fundamental concepts of environmental biotechnology, highlighting the importance of microbial ecology, their metabolism, and methods for their characterization and scopes for implementation. Bioremediation and biodegradation principles, processes and applications will be discussed along with advanced applications in wastewater, oil industry, biomining, biofuel, carbon storage and capture, etc. This course will offer the students a broad sense of understanding on how modern biotechnology is developed to achieve better environmental protection and sustainability using microbes and microbial communities in pollution control to mitigation of climate change, bioenergy, biomaterial and other discoveries.
This module is designed to introduce students to specialized topics in biomedical research, to relate biochemical event at the cellular level to physiological processes occurring in the body to cite examples of disease processes where genetic and biochemical bases have been well established.
Content
Water and life on earth. Water molecule. Molecular structure, Keq, Kw, and pH, Acids & bases, pKa, Relation between pH and pKa, Buffers. Blood buffering, Ampholytes, polyampholytes, pI and Zwitterion, Role of kidney in acid- base balance.
Biological thermodynamics: Definition and The four laws of thermodynamics
- Zeroth law, first law, second law and third law of thermodynamics (Gibbs law), Standard state in biological reactions. G, G°, G°’, High energy compounds
Photosynthesis/ Energy harvest by producers: (Just a reminder), Definition. Photosynthesis apparatus, The electromagnetic spectrum, nature of light, The structure of chloroplast and photosynthetic membrane, Chlorophyll and accessory pigment, Chlorophyll a (structure).Other types of chlorophyll, The thylakoid membrane and photosystems, Chemiosmosis in chloroplasts, Light and dark reactions, C3 and C4 plants, Photosynthesis versus aerobic respiration.
Organs & tissue/ Cell communication: Introduction, Types, stage of cell signaling. Signal receptors, Second messengers. cAMP, Calcium ions, inositol triphoshate, Lipid mediators. Metabolic pathway of arachidonic acid.
Intermediate metabolic pathways: Digestion, from mouth to intestine, Overview of carbohydrate metabolic, Glycolysis (anaerobic degradation of glucose), Reactions in the matochodrion matrix/ Krebs cycle. Respiratory chain reactions, Redox complex and Electron transfer in respiratory chain, Net yield in ATP (complete degradation of one molecule of glucose), Pentose phosphate shunt, Definition and its importance, Reactions involved , Fermentation process, Definition and its importance, Fermentation of glucose
Fatty acid degradation: Definition and its importance, Mobilization of fat stores, Activation and transfer of fatty acid, Reactions sequence in β-oxidation, Alternative oxidation pathway and regulation of fatty acid metabolism
Gluconeogenesis: Definition and its importance, Glycolysis versus gluconeogenesis, Coli cycl e and glucogenic amino acids
Urea cycle: Fate of amino acids degradation / Transamination and oxidative deamination, Urea formation (Citrulline and ornithine involvement),
Mechanism of Diseases:
Urea cycle defects, Atherosclerosis and Heart Diseases, Definition of Atherosclerosis, Overview of blood lipids, Heart attack and Stroke, Obesity and its causes, Cancer and Malignancy, Types of Cancer, Cancer treatment
This course covers fundamentals of protein structure, conformation and structure-function relationships using myoglobin, hemoglobin, insulin, lactate dehydrogenases, and ribonuclease. The protein studies include also engineering, purification, and analysis techniques. Enzymology studies include enzyme properties, classification, catalysis, kinetics, regulation of enzyme activity and applications.
The aim of this moduleis to provide to students the insights into the application of animal tissue culture. It involves correlation with practical course where possible and study tour to ensure full understanding of the techniques used in tissue culture and help the students to understand how to develop micro-environment and which factors will affect tissue culture, media formulations, cell lines and different applications of tissue culture
COURSE CONTENTS
BIO2265-Animal and Plant Tissue Culture
1.Introduction on tissue culture
Definition and Historical Background
Advantages and limitations.
Characteristic features of Cell culture
Culture medium formulation
2.Tissue Culture Methodology.
Equipment used in tissue culture
Types of cultures
3.Cell lines characterization
Cross contamination hazards.
Characteristics of cells in culture.
Growth studies: cell proliferation, cell cycle, mitosis in growing cells.
4.Applications of tissue culture:
Tissue culture as a screening system;
Cytotoxicity and diagnostic tests.
Development and preparation of vaccines against infecting organisms.